COVID-19 PANDEMIC.

CORONA VIRUS. 

INTRODUCTION:

WHO has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 a pandemic. A global coordinated effort is needed to stop the further speed of virus. A pandemic is defined as "occurring over a wide geographic area and affecting an exceptionally high proportion of the population."

HISTORY:

Corona virus were first discovered in the 1930s when an acute respiratory infection of domesticated chickens was shown to be caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV).

The infection of new born chickens was characterized by gasping and listlessness. The chick’s mortality rate was 40-90%.

Fred beaudette and Charles Hudson six years later successfully isolated and cultivated the infectious bronchitis virus which caused disease.

In 1940s two more animal coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) were isolated.

Human coronavirus was discovered in the 1960s.they were isolated using two different methods in the UK and the US

MICROBIOLOGY:

Coronavirus are large, roughly spherical particles with bulbous surface projections.

The average diameter of the virus particle is around 125nm.the diameter of envelope is 85nm and the spikes are 20nm long.

The envelope of the virus in electron micrographs appears as a distinct pair of electron dense

shells.

The viral envelope consists of a lipid bilayer, in which membrane envelope and the spike structural proteins are anchored. On average coronavirus particle has 74 surface spikes .

[structure of corona virus]

HOW DID CORONAVIRUS START AND WHERE DID IT COME FROM?

In late 2019 someone at now world famous Huanan seafood market in Wuhan was infected with a virus from animal.

Stock footage of pangolins-a scaly mammal that looks like an anteater-have made it on to new bulletins, suggesting this animal was the staging post for the virus before it spread to humans. But uncertainly about several aspects of the COVID-19 origin story that scientists are trying to unravel,incuding which species passed it to human.they are trying hard because knowing how a pandemic starts is a key to stopping the next step.

The fact that the virus has infected a tiger in  a new York zoo shows how viruses can move around between species.

One animal implicated as the intermediary host between bats and humans is the pangolin.the international union for the consvervation of nature says they are “the most illegaly traded mammal in the world”and are prized for their meat and the claimed medicinal properties of their scales.

HOW IT SPREADS?

When people with COVID-19 breathe out or cough,they expel tiny droplets that contain the virus.these droplets can enter the mouth or nose of someone without virus,causing an infection to occur.

Respiratory infections can be transmitted through droplets of different sizes:when droplets are particles are >5-10 micrometer in diameter they are refferd to as respiratory droplets and when then are <5 micrometer in diameter,they are refferd to as.

https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus

Droplet transmission occurs when a person is in close contact with someone who has respiratory symptoms and is therefore at risk of having their mucosae or conjunctiva exposed to potentially infective droplets.

HOW TO PROTECT YOURSELF?

There is currently no vaccine to prevent COVID-19.

The best way to prevent illness is to avoid being exposed to this virus.

The virus is thought to spread mainly from person to person.

·       Between people who are in close contact with one another(within about 6 feet)

·       Through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes and talks.

·       These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs.

·       Some recent studies have suggested that COVID-19 may be spread by people who are not showing symptoms.

Wash your hands often with soap and water for atlest 20 seconds especially after you have been in a public place.

If soap and water are not readily available,use a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol.

Everyone should wear a cloth face cover when they have to go out in public, the face cover is meant  to protect other people in case you are infected.

Health care workers should use N-95 mask.

https://www.cdc.gov/

MYTHS	FACTS
A vaccine to cure COVID-19 is available.	There is no vaccine for the COVID-19.scientists already begun working on it, but developing vaccine that is safe in human beings will take many months.
The new coronavirus was deliberately created or released by people.	Viruses can change over time.occsionalt,a disease outbreak happens when a virus that is common In animal such as bat undergoes changes and passes to humans.
Eating garlic or lemon can help prevent infection with new coronavirus.	Garlic is healthy food that may have some antimicrobial properties. Similarly, vitamin C is an essential nutrient that can support immune function.
Drinking warm water and getting enough sunlight are effective in preventing COVID-19	There is no evidence that the COVID-19 can be killed at high temperatures. Drinking warm water and getting enough sunlight may have other health benefits.
Spraying alcohol or chlorine all over the body can kill coronavirus.	Spraying alcohol or chlorine all over body will not kill viruses that have already entered body.
An UV disinfection lamp kills the coronavirus.	UV lamps don’t kill new coronavirus and WHO doesn’t recommend sterilizing hands or other areas of skin by UV radiation.

 

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